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REAL ESTATE
AND
NEW YORK, DECEMBER 30, 1916
REQUIREMENTS IN PLANNING SUNLIGHT CITIES
Statement by Herbert S. Swan and George W. Tuttie,
of the Staff of the Committee on the City Plan
SUNLIGHT cities must be planned
from the start. The width and ar¬
rangement of streets, .the length and
the breadth of the lot, the type, height
and use of building, the least dimension
and orientation of courts and yards, the
latitude and the topography of the site—
all of these have to be considered in
laying out a sunlight town. If each
of these factors is given its proper
weight when the town is first planned,
a ma.\inium of sunlight will he assured
every home and work-place in the com¬
munity, not to mention the streets,
courts and yards; ignored, then no
amount of replanning can ever com¬
pletely rectify the mistake.
Two things are essential to a sunlight
plan—a street plan and a building plan.
Each of these has to be conceived and
perfected in harmony with the other as
one unit. They are reciprocal parts of
the sunlight plan and they therefore
stand or fall together. It is impossible
to give proper consideration to one
without at the same time considering
the demands of the other. Any other
method of treatment is disastrous to
the tunlighl plan.
High buildings should be erected on
wide streets and large open spaces; nar¬
row streets and small open spaces
should be improved with low buildings.
But although the height of liuildings
should be proportionate to the width of
tiie open space on each side from which
it receives its sunlight, it does not at
all follow tiiat this proportion should
be the same on all sides of the open
space nor at all latitudes.
The farther north a city is situated,
the greater is its need for a sunlight
plan. Sunlight is a natural resource to
be conserved and economized like any
other gift of nature. There are places
on tbe earth's surface where the suppb'
of sunshine is so constant that there is
probably very little necessity to impose
any restrictions upon its use—there is
enough for all. But in contrast with
these there are other places, and these
places contain the great bulk of the
urban population throughout the world,
viliich possesses such a fluctuating sup¬
ply of sunshine that its use must be
subject to the strictest safeguards or
the supply will be squandered to no
purpose.
The distance from the equator is of
paramount importance in planning a
sunlight city. In the first place the
length of the shortest dav diminishes'
as the latitude increases. The sunlight
period at Key West on December 21st
is only seven-ei,gliths as long as that
at the equator. At Winnipeg it is only
two-thirds as lon.g as that at the equator.
In the second place the angle of th.e
sun's altitude diminishes with increased
distance from the equator. .\t Winni¬
peg the altitude of the sun at noon at
the winter solstice is only 16.6°. .\t
the equator it is 66.6°. â–
The effect of this difiference in alti¬
tude in the sun-li,ghting of streets and
buildings at dififerent latitudes is self-
evident. With each additional degree
of latitude from the equator, fo obtain
the same amount of sunlight, assumin.g
that it could be obtained, the height of
Iniilding would have to be decreased
or the width of street increased.
To illustrate: Suppose that the height
of buildings on the south side of east
TABLE II.
Period of Sunsliino on Entire Street Facade on Either Side of Streets of Different Orientations
With Buildings of Different HeUjhts at Different Latitudes at the Winter Solstice
25° North Latitude.
Orientation of Street.
Hght. of
building.
times
street
width.
1............
,—South—^
e. s. w. s.
h.m. h.m.
2 18 2 18
1 42 1 42
1 23 1 23
1 00 1 00
0 5« 0 50
0 43 0 45
0 .39 0 39
0 35 0 35
41 41
,—South—^
e. s. w, s.
h.m. h.m.
:i 10 â– :; lo
2 07 2 07
1 34 1 34
1 16 1 16
0 58 0 58
0 50 0 50
0 42 0 42
0 37 0 37
0 33 0 33
43 43
^South—.^
e. s. w. s.
h.m. h.m.
2 52 2 52
1 32 1 52
1 23 1 23
1 10 1 10
0 53 0 53
0 46 0 46
0 38 0 38
0 34 0 34
0 30 0 30
43 45
,—South—^
e. s. w. s.
h.m. h.m.
2 37 2 37
1 40 1 40
1 10 1 10
1 00 1 00
0 47 0 47
0 41 0 41
0 34 0 34
0 30 0 30
0 27 0 27
48 48
,—South—^
C. R. w. s.
h.m. h.m.
2 IS 2 IS
1 24 1 24
0 38 0 38
0 49 0 49
0 38 0 .38
0 34 0 .34
0 28 0 28
0 25 0 25
0 22 0 22
30 50
,—South—^
e. s. w. s.
h.m. h.m.
1 52 1 52
1 06 1 06
0 47 0 47
0 41 fl 41
0 30 0 30
0 27 0 27
0 22 0 22
0 20 0 20
0 IS 0 18
31 31
,—13°
e. s.
h.m.
2 58
2 06
1 38
1 10
0 58
0 52
0 44
0 3S
0 34
40
,—13°
e. s.
h.m.
2 41
1 31
1 24
1 06
0 55
0 48
0 40
0 33
0 32
49
^13°
e. s.
h.m.
2 25
1 38
1 11
0 57
0 43
0 43
0 36
0 32
0 29
50
^13°
e. s.
h.m.
2 04
1 23
1 00
0 30
0 41
0 37
0 31
0 29
0 24
52
,—15°
e. s.
t.m.
1 48
1 10
0 30
0 43
0 33
0 31
0 27
0 22
0 21
34
^13°
e. s.
h.m.
1 27
0 32
0 3S
0 30
0 24
0 24
0 24
0 20
0 14
55
W.—^ ,—30° W.-^ ,—45° W.—,
(Side of slreet)
w. s. e. s. w. s. s. s. n. s.
(Time in ho-urs and minutes)
h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m.
3 54 2 24 4 38 1 40 3 46
2 32 1 43 3 00 1 18 3 39
1 43 1 22 2 08 1 03 2 27
1 30 1 00 1 36 0 50 2 00
1 11 0 53 1 20 0 48 1 23
0 59 0 51 1 01 0 42 1 01
0 46 0 4;i 0 49 0 38 0 54
0 40 0 38 0 43 0 33 0 43
0 37 0 35 0 39 0 .31 0 40
40 56 47 1 22 59
.30° North Latitude.
W.^ ^30° W.—^ .—45° W.—.,
(SUle of street)
w. s. e. s. w. s. s. s. n. s.
(Time in ho-urs and minutes)
h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m.
3 4^ 2 07 4 24 1 24 5 31
2 24 1 28 2 45 1 20 3 16
1 41 1 10 1 52 0 50 2 03
1 18 0 57 1 20 0 43 1 29
1 03 0 51 1 07 0 37 1 05
0 52 0 45 0 54 0 35 0 54
0 43 0 .38 0 45 0 31 0 45
0 38 0 33 0 40 0 26 0 38
0 33 0 31 0 37 0 23 0 34
43 57 49 1 20 .39
33° North Latitude.
W.—^ ^-30° W.—^ ,—43° W.—^
(Side of street)
w. s. e. s. w. s. s. s. n. s.
(Time in hours and minutes)
h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m.
3 .30 1 31 4 07 1 08 3 04
2 08 1 20 2 28 0 50 2 44
1 32 1 00 1 40 0 41 1 40
1 10 0 47 1 13 0 :w 1 06
0 53 0 43 0 .53 0 30 0 50
0 47 0 38 0 47 0 28 0 44
0 39 0 32 0 40 0 24 0 .33
0 35 0 31 0 34 0 19 0 31
0 31 0 27 0 30 0 17 0 26
Entire
46 58 51 time 00
40° North Latitude.
W.—> ^30° W.—, ^-45° W.—^
(Side of street)
w. s. e.s. w. s. s. s. n. s.
(Time in hours and minutes)
h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m.
3 07 1 33 3 45 0 50 4 32
1 52 1 04 2 04 fl 3S 2 04
1 20 0 50 1 20 fl 28 1 OS
0 59 0 44 1 00 0 23 0 46
0 48 0 33 0 47 0 2:! 0 33
fl 42 0 32 0 .37 0 20 fl 31
0 34 0 27 0 34 0 18 0 23
0 31 0 23 fl .3fl fl 14 fl 21
0 27 0 22 0 26 0 14 0 19
Entire
48 .38 53 time 60
45° North Latitude.
W.-^ ^30° W.-^ ,—45° W.^
(Side of street)
w. s. e. s. w. s. s. s. n. s.
(Time in hours and minutes)
h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m.
2 44 1 15 3 13 0 .33 3 43
1 34 0 48 1 40 0 24 1 24
1 03 fl 38 1 02 0 21 0 48
0 48 0 32 0 46 0 10 0 32
0 40 0 25 0 37 0 13 0 24
0 .35 0 24 fl 32 0 13 0 20
0 20 0 21 0 27 0 12 0 19
0 25 0 18 0 23 0 09 0 14
0 23 0 17 0 20 0 08 0 12
Entire
30 .39 54 time 1 01
50° North Latitude.
W.—^ ^!0° W.—^ ^40° W.^
(Side of street)
w. s. e. s. w. s. s. st n. a.
(Time inhours and. minutes)
h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m. h.m.
2 14 0 33 2 36 0 22 2 30
1 13 0 36 1 in 0 13 0 36
0 47 0 28 fl 50 0 10 0 21
0 3S 0 23 0 4fl fl 08 fl 13
0 26 0 20 0 30 0 07 fl 13
0 27 0 17 0 23 0 (16 0 10
0 20 0 15 0 19 0 06 0 OS
0 20 0 13 0 17 0 04 0 07
0 16 fl 12 0 15 0 04 0 06
E'ntire Entire
53 time 35 time 1 01
,^60° W.—^ ^75°
s. s. n. s. s. s.
h.m. h.m. h.m.
0 30 7 23 ___
0 21 4 39 ___
0 18 2 38 ___
0 IB 1 30 ___
0 14 1 08 ___
0 13 0 48 ___
0 12 0 38 ___
0 10 0 29 ___
0 09 0 24 ___
Entire
time 1 28 ___
,—00° W.—^ ,—73°
s. s. n. s. s. s.
li.m. h.m. h.m.
0 18 7 07 ___
0 12 3 40 ___
0 10 1 37 ___
0 08 0 48 ___
0 06 0 35 ___
0 00 0 22 ___
0 06 0 19 ___
fl 05 0 13 ___
0 05 0 12 ___
Entire
time 1 23 ____
^00° W.-^ ,—73°
s. s. n. s. s. s.
h.m. h.m. h.m.
0 06 6 .35 ___
0 03 2 23 ___
0 04 0 30 ___
0 02 0 10 ___
.... 0 07 ___
Entire
time 1 25 ___
^00° W.—^ ,—75°
s. s. n. s. s. s.
h.m. h.m. h.m.
.... 5 10 ....
48 ....
^-60° W.^ ,—75°
s. s. n. s. s. s.
h.m. h.m. h.m.
___ 2 50 ___
,^60° W.—, ^75°
s.s. n'. s. s. s.
h.m. h.m. h.m.
W.^
n. s.
h.m.
8 04
0 34
W.—^
n. s.
h.m.
6 54
W.^
n. s.
h.m.
5 36
W.-^
n. s.
h.m.
3 06
W.—^
n. s.
h.m.
W.-^
n. s.
h.m.
,^90°
s. s.
h.m.
,-90°
s. s.
h.m.
,-90°
s. s.
h.m,
,—90°
s. s.
h.m.
r-90°
s. s.
h.m.
,-90'
s. s.
h.m.
W.-rt,
n. s.
h.m.
8 OS
n. s.
h.m.
0 28
n. s.
h.m.
4 50
•>
^Vi..........
4............
Deduct for
for winclows
Hght. ot
building.
times
strett
width.
1............
4............
Deduct
for windows
Hght. ot
building.
times
streit
width.
1............
•1
....
4............
....
Deduct
for windows
Hght. of
building.
times
streit
width.
W.-~,
n. s.
h.m.
1............
11,4..........
'->
3.....
4............
G............
DedUft
for windows
11 silt, of
building:,
times
streit
width.
W.—.,
n. s.
h.m.
1............
1 i,{. ..........
•J
i^::::::::::
4............
Deduct
for windows
Hsht. of
building
times
street
width.
H...........
1............
W.^
n. s.
h.m.
â– 1
4............
6............
Deduct
for windows